Soil moisture is one of the key factors affecting the strategies of plant nutrient uptake and utilization in arid region. Studies on leaf and soil ecological stoichiometry characteristics under different soil moisture gradients are helpful to reveal the response and ecological adaptability of plants to environmental changes. Through field investigation and experimental analysis, reed leaves and soil C, N, P ecological stoichiometric characteristics under different soil moisture gradients and their relationships in the Yangguan wetland of Dunhuang were studied. The results showed that: (1) with the increase of soil moisture content, the contents of leaf C, N and P showed a decreasing trend, while leaf C/N, C/P, and N/P showed the opposite trend; (2) with the increase of soil moisture content, the content of soil organic carbon (OC),total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus(TP), and N/P increased, soil C/N ratio decreased and soil C/P first increased and then decreased; (3)under the low soil moisture gradient, N and C/N of leaves were significantly negative correlated with soil N and C/N(P<0.05), and leaf C, P, C/P, N/P had no significant correlation with soil C, P, C/P, and N/P (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between the soil and leaf stoichiometric characteristics under the high and medium soil moisture gradients (P>0.05). Leaves under low soil moisture gradient, which were restricted by drought stress and soil nutrients, could maintain higher leaf nutrient content, reflecting the unique nutrient regulation mechanism of wetland plants under heterogeneous habitats in arid areas.