Landscape patterns and their changes are one of main reasons that affect the supply and maintenance of ecosystem services. It is revealed that the relationship between landscape patterns and ecosystem services is the basis of ecosystem service management and landscape space allocation optimization. Based on 30 m resolution land use data, this article counted the various landscape metrics and three kinds of ecosystem services including carbon fixation, water conservation, and soil conservation in Wenchuan County from 2000 to 2015. We also defined the response range of ecosystem service to landscape pattern according to data rating. The results showed that: 1) The overall landscape tended to be more fragmented, the shape of the patches was more complicated and the heterogeneity were more increased, which mainly took place among forest land, grassland and cultivated land in Wenchuan County. 2) In terms of ecosystem services, the carbon fixed services have decreased, while water conservation and soil conservation have shown the increasing trend in most areas. 3) Different ecosystem services to the landscape patterns were not only reflected in the indicators, but also in the extent. For example, the carbon fixation was more responsive to Landscape Shape Index (LSI) and less sensitive to Contagion Index (CONTAG). 4) Not all changes in landscape patterns could cause changes in ecosystem services and the scale factor must be taken into consideration. This study provides a reference for regional landscape management through the response analysis of ecosystem services to landscape patterns.