The goal of this study was to determine the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and phosphorus (P) content and their occurrence characteristics, to provide the theoretical basis for rocky desertification control and vegetation restoration in the karst area. Adopting field investigation and indoor analysis methods, different land use types of fissured soil in karst rocky desertification area were taken as the research object. The results indicated that the variation range of soil organic carbon (SOC) content in four types of land use was 16.067-39.436 g/kg, showing a trend of decreasing with the increase of soil layer depth. The total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP) contents in the soil varied from 0.093-0.274 g/kg and 3.836-8.025 mg/kg, respectively, which were significantly higher in the fissure surface layer than in other soil layers in the whole, with the characteristics of higher in the upper layer and lower in the lower layer. Besides, soil organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (AP) were generally moderately variable. Soil C/P ranged from 86.499 to 268.343 in the fissured soil of the four land-use types, which indicated that the availability of P was low, and C/P of arboreal land and shrubland decreased with the deepening of the soil layer, while that of grassland and abandoned land decreased first and then increased. With the increase of soil depth, the content of organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (AP) in fissured soil decreased gradually and soil organic carbon (SOC) had affected the changes of C/P and available phosphorus (AP) content.