The oasis is a region with extremely fragile ecological environment. It is a major problem for arid areas to realize the win-win situation of urbanization and ecological security in oasis. The traditional simulation of urban spatial expansion only considers the urban development trend unilaterally, but less think about the constraints of regional habitat quality. Based on the Landsat TM, ETM+, OLI remote sensing image data of 1992, 2000, 2008 and 2015, we took the middle reaches of Heihe River as an example. From the perspective of coordinated development of urban spatial expansion and ecological environment and through the combination of InVEST model and SLEUTH model, the assessment results of habitat quality were integrated into the urban expansion model to simulate the land use change pattern of urban expansion in the study area from 2015 to 2030. The results showed that: 1) the overall quality of habitat in the study area was low, and the order of quality and the degree of degradation were obviously different. The high and middle grade habitat quality areas were mainly distributed along the main stream of Heihe River and the core area of oasis, accounting for 5.69% and 32.77%, respectively, but with a high degree of habitat degradation. The low-grade habitat quality areas were mainly distributed in Gobi desert area and urban construction area, accounting for 61.54%, with a low degree of habitat degradation. 2) The restriction effect of habitat quality on urban spatial expansion was significant. Compared with the non-habitat quality constraints, the area of urban construction land and the area of ecological land occupied decreased by 27.08% and 63.61% in 2030, respectively. Moreover, the connectivity between urban patches was better and the degree of agglomeration was higher, and the "filling" expansion was the main type. 3) Urban spatial expansion generally reflects the requirements of habitat quality. In 2030, the newly added urban construction land mainly would occupy the middle and low grade habitat quality areas, accounting for 34.88% and 63.36%, respectively. The habitat quality of oasis plain and piedmont alluvial sector would be strongly constrained, which only increased by 51.53% and 48.31% compared with 2015. The constraint of habitat quality in oasis marginal area would be low, which increased by 110.18% compared with 2015. It would be the potential area of urban development in the future. The results of study provides scientific basis for the coordinated development of oasis towns and ecological environment.