There is an increasing need of large-scale, long-term and high-precision soil moisture monitoring. Methods based on land use features, such as Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land-surface process model, can obtain more accurate soil moisture characteristics in the spatio-temporal scale. It is of great significance to drought early warning, ecological restoration, and precision agriculture decision-making and deployment. This paper took Wei-Ku oasis as the target area, combined with VIC land surface process model and land use type change, to discuss the temporal and spatial changes of soil moisture of different types in the study area from 2009 to 2016, and verified the accuracy with the measured data. The results showed that: (1) the simulated value of soil moisture content in the northeast region was high, while the low value of soil moisture content was concentrated in the western and southern regions of the study area. (2) The surface moisture content of saline soil was higher than that of cultivated land. In rainy season, the soil moisture content of shrub soil was higher than that of other 3 types of land. Due to a large number of wasteland being converted into cultivated land, the soil moisture content of oasis wasteland was close to that of the cultivated land, between 28.784 and 53.741 mm. (3) In the past 7 years, the area of cultivated land and salinized land in Wei-Ku oasis have been greatly increased, the area of cultivated land and salinized land increased by over 35%, the area of wasteland decreased by about 46% compared with that of 2009, and the area of shrub increased by about 15%. (4) The wasteland soil moisture content decreased significantly with the area, and the soil moisture content values were concentrated in the area above 28.6 mm of the normal curve. The VIC simulated value and measured value RMSE ranged from 1.4 to 2.80, RE ranged from 0.90 to 2.20, R² ranged from 0.40 to 0.60, and the simulation effect was good.