Urban-scale green space is the link between the urban and natural ecosystems within cities, as well as a basic guarantee for maintaining the stability of the overall ecosystem of the city. Currently, spatial planning of the urban green space system do not consider the dynamic changes between nature and the city during the urbanization process, thereby overlooking the crucial role of urban green space in the quality of urban and rural living environments. Constructing a good city-scale green space system can aid in achieving ecological environmental stability at the urban-scale level, coordinating the contradiction between the development of urbanization and the protection of natural resources, and thus develop significant positive inputs for the sustainable development of the city. In this study, the green space of Zhaoyuan City was selected as the experimental site, and the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) method was used to owing to its strong research-scale compatibility, clear ecological connotation of landscape elements, and ease to quantitatively evaluate the results. First, we identified the core areas and bridge areas of important landscape elements in the green space of the city. Thereafter, we extracted the isolated islands of landscape elements with potential ecological extension as spatial points of potential future green space optimization nodes. Second, we selected the probability of connectivity (PC) and node importance, evaluating the importance of and ranking the landscape elements of green space. Third, the core area and potential nodes were used as ecological sources to construct a consumption resistance surface through the resistance of different landscape elements to species circulation. The potential ecological corridors within the site were derived using the minimum path method. Finally, we characterized the first- and second-level potential node plaques that had a higher contribution to the overall ecological network connectivity in the weaker development zones, and acted as a stepping stone in the ecological process, as important points for ecological quality improvement in future ecological development. On the basis of our findings, we propose the green space development structure of Zhaoyuan city. Additionally, scientific spatial optimization guidance and development recommendations are provided. This study offers a theoretical basis for the construction of green space in highly fragmented areas. In addition, it has both reference and demonstration significance for the construction of urban green spaces in other urbanization areas in China.