As an important part of the soil microfood-web, Collembola is a dominant group in soil fauna, which participates in litter decomposition and promotes the formation of soil aggregates. Previous studies have focused on the distribution pattern of Collembola at different altitudes or habitats, but the distribution pattern of Collembola diversity along latitudes in different climatic zones is still unclear. There are three typical climatic zones in Yunnan Province, which are tropical, subtropical and subalpine. They are all located in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In order to explore the latitudinal distribution pattern and potentially environmental impact mechanism of Collembola in different climatic zones, the elevational gradient transects were set up in three typical climatic zones of Yunnan Province in October 2017 (at the end of the rainy season), namely the tropical rainforest (800 m, 1000 m, 1200 m, 1400 m), subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (2000 m, 2200 m, 2400 m, 2600 m), and subalpine coniferous forest (3200 m, 3400 m, 3600 m, 3800 m). The longitude of all transects is almost the same (E 101 degrees), which minimizes the impact of longitude, topographic differences and geological history on the results of the study. We collected soil fauna in litter layer per unit area and investigated the environmental factors such as soil temperature, soil water content, litter amount, soil pH, soil bulk density and soil porosity. Soil animals were extracted by Berlese-Tullgren method. We put Collembola sample in 75% alcohol solution and identified Collembola to genus level. A total of 19150 Collembola individuals were obtained, belonging to 29 genera and 10 families. At family level, the number of Isotomidae was the largest (59.9%), followed by Onychiuridae (21.8%) and Onychiuridae (10.1%). These three families accounted for 91.8% of the total individuals. At genus level, the most abundant genus was Folsomia (39.9%, Isotomidae). The secondary dominant genus was Onychiurus (21.7%, Onychiuridae) and then Hypogastrura (10.1%, Hypogastruridae). These three genera accounted for 71.7% of the total individuals. The density of Collembola in litter layer was significantly higher in sub-alpine coniferous forest than that in tropical rainforest and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. The genus number of Collembola decreased as the following order: tropical rainforest, sub-alpine coniferous forest, and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Based on the regression analysis of the elevational diversity patterns of Collembola by least squares regression method, the richness index (Margalef's index, Menhinick's index), diversity index (Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index), and evenness index (Pielou evenness index) of Collembola decreased monotonously along the tropical rainforest, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and sub-alpine coniferous forest. Taking each diversity index as the response variable, with temperature (mean soil temperature, maximum soil temperature and minimum soil temperature in rainy season), litter amount, soil pH, soil water content, soil bulk density, and soil porosity as explanatory variables, the best environmental model (minimum AIC value) was selected by subset regressions from full model. We concluded that temperature was the main environmental factor affecting the distribution pattern of Collembola diversity (positively correlated) along different climatic zones. This study enhances our understanding on how the litter Collembola will respond to future environmental changes among different climatic zones, especially in the context of global climate change.