Damage from large mammals often deteriorates the relationship between human and wildlife, prompting retaliatory killings that threaten wildlife survival. In Sanjiangyuan National Park, human-bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus) conflicts have emerged as a serious problem, decreasing community tolerance for species conservation. Understanding the current status of these conflicts and herders' attitudes towards bears is crucial to formulate and implement effective mitigation measures. We analyzed 296 reported incidents of conflict (from January 2014 to December 2017) and conducted 71 semi-structured household interviews in and surrounding the Yangtze River Zone of Sanjiangyuan National Park. The results showed that (1) the main conflict types consisted of house break-ins and predation of a small number of livestock (sheep and goats); (2) The conflicts primarily happened from June to August, with cases commonly reported between August and October; (3) The respondents who were younger and experienced brown bear attack had more negative attitudes towards brown bears; (4) Most respondents reported a perceived increase in the brown bear population over the past 10 years due to the implementation of a new policy banning firearms; (5) Most respondents were conservative in their choice of mitigation measures, and believed that building concrete walls and human guardianship were the two most effective ways to protect their properties. We suggest that the local government improve the current wildlife damage compensation program and promote stakeholder participation in the management process of human-bear conflicts. For mitigation measures we suggest the improvement of electric fence technology and choosing suitable locations to implement diversionary feeding. To protect human life, we recommend permission for the legal ownership of bear spray within certain limits. Future research efforts should explore the relationship between changes in herders' practice and brown bears' behavior.