Vegetation restoration was studied in Beishan greening area of Lanzhou City in April and July, 2016. The composition of soil ciliate community and its influencing factors in six plantations, including barren slopes and semi-barren slopes, were analyzed by field investigation. The results showed that:(1) there were 10 classes, 21 orders, 34 families, 44 genera and 80 species in spring, and 10 species, 21 orders, 38 genera, 54 genera in summer. The dominant groups were Plagiocampidae, and the dominant species were Colpoda inflata and Colpoda patella in spring and summer. (2) The abundance, species number, and diversity index of soil ciliates were higher in summer than those in spring, and they were higher in plantations than those in barren slopes. (3) In spring, the main environmental factors affecting distribution of soil ciliate species were soil organic carbon, soil temperature, and electrical conductivity. In summer, the main environmental factors affecting distribution of soil ciliate species were soil organic carbon, soil temperature and pH. In general, the soil restoration of plantation was better than that of barren slope and semi-barren slope, while the soil environmental quality of Populus L. and Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco plantations was better.