With the deepening of "The Belt and Road" strategy, the construction of China-Laos transportation corridors marked by China-Laos Railway and Kunming-Bangkok Road are developing rapidly. The construction of China-Laos transportation corridors can promote cooperation and communication between China and other ASEAN countries. Nevertheless, they may have the negative influence on regional landscape pattern, functions, services, biodiversity, and the migration of species. The ecological corridors have many service functions at different landscape scales, such as slowing down soil erosion, fixing sand and preventing flood, and maintaining biodiversity. Therefore, the construction of ecological corridors and identification of key nodes are of great significance for the restoration of the broken landscape in the core area of China-Laos transportation corridors and the protection of regional ecological security. Based on research framework of "source-corridor-node", we divided ecological patches according to three indexes:importanceof ecosystem services, landscape connectivity,and ecological sensitivityin the core area of China-Laos transportation corridors. Furthermore, we identified important ecological sources on the basis of the level of ecological patches and the activity characteristics of key protected species. We used the minimum cumulative resistance model to identify the ecological corridors, and used the hydrological analysis method and Google Earth to determine the key ecological nodes. The results illustrated that the area of ecological sources was 20243.74 km², which accounted for 14.13% of the total area. The main land cover types of ecological sources were woodland and shrub,which were mainly distributed in Pu'er city,Louang Namtha Province,and Udomxai Province. The total length of the ecological corridors was 3645.81 km, of which the key corridors was 1397.78 km, mainly distributed in Pu'er city and Udomxai Province.The ecological corridors and ecological sources constituted an annular closed area, which would effectively promote the migration of biological species and the exchange of material and energy. Among the key ecological nodes, there were 5 strategic nodes, 9 breaking nodes, and 16 pause nodes.