Guangxi Province is located in the karst landform where the soil water conservation efficiency is low and the annual precipitation is unevenly distributed, so it is especially important to study the spatial and temporal distribution of drought. This paper analyzed the spatial and temporal variability of drought in Guangxi using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) based on the historical measured (1981-2010) and HadGEM2-ES model simulated data (2011-2100) of 20 meteorological stations in Guangxi Province. The spatial patterns of drought were identified by applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to the SPI and SPEI values at different time scales. The results revealed the existence of three regions: Northeastern (PC1), Northwestern (PC1), and Southern (PC1). The spatial and temporal variation and frequency distribution of drought in different regions were significantly different. SPEI-12 of PC1 and PC3 showed a negative growth trend while that of PC2 showed a positive growth trend, and SPI-12 of PC1, PC2 and PC3 were larger than SPEI-12. The drought frequency of PC1 and PC3 (34.24% and 35.83%) was higher than that of PC2 on the annual scale (SPEI-12), which indicated PC1 and PC3 would have more drought than PC2. SPI and SPEI were highly comparable on the spatial and temporal scale. The spatial mode of the SPEI factor load is better than SPI, and the SPEI detects a higher drought frequency. The results can be used as an important scientific basis for drought prediction and assessment in Guangxi Province and its risk management and application decision-making. It can also provide an important scientific reference for the socio-economic development of Guangxi Province.