To explicitly understand the different characteristics of interannual variabilities in land cover distribution, a dynamic probability model of spatio-temporal change and an integrated analysis model of driving forces in land cover change were developed to compute spatio-temporal dynamic probability of land cover change, and explain the relationship between land cover change and social economic development. Python and R programming languages were operated in the New Eurasian Continental Bridge Economic Corridor (NECBEC) area. The results show that 1) grassland, cultivated land, and build-up land of the NECBEC has increased by 114.57 million hm², 8.41 million hm² and build-up 3.96 million hm², respectively, and forest land, unutilized land, and water area and wetland has decreased by 74.09 million hm², 46.59 million hm², and 6.26 million respectively, from 2001 to 2017. 2) Forest and unutilized land were mainly transformed to grassland, and grassland was mainly transformed to forest and cultivated land. 3) Build-up land has the largest annual increase rate, 50% of which comes from the cultivated land. Moreover, since the launch of the "Belt and Road Initiative" in 2013, the gap of the socio-economic development comprehensive level has gradually decreased, in which the Western Europe area has the highest development index and the Northern Central Asia area has the lowest development index. Impacts of the socio-economic development in land cover change have shown a significant spatio-temporal different characteristic, especially for the distribution change of cultivated land and build-up land. In general, the speed of land cover change has a significantly accelerated trend with the rapid socio-economic development in the NECBEC area.