As a key parameter of terrestrial ecological process, NPP can not only estimate the earth's supporting capacity and evaluate the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem, but also an important part and key link of global carbon cycle.Based on the MOD17A3 annual net primary productivity data and the meteorological site temperature and precipitation data from 2000 to 2014, the temporal and spatial characteristics of NPP in Qinghai Province and its correlation with climatic factors were analyzed by means of simple difference, trend analysis correlation analysis, and Hurst index. The results showed that the average annual NPP of vegetation in Qinghai Province gradually decreased from south to north and from east to west over the period 2000 to 2014, and that there were significant differences in the spatial distribution of each ecological region, as follows: area II > area I > area III > area IV > area V. From 2000-2014, the trends of NPP in Qinghai Province changed from north to south and from west to east, and the average trend coefficient was 15% of the total area, with a notable increase of 2.8% and a slight increase of 12.2% in the area of 0.61,NPP. The range of the Hurst index of NPP values in Qinghai Province was 0-0.39 and the mean value was 0.12; in addition to rivers and lakes, building land, and unused soil, the characteristics of NPP change in Qinghai Province were the characteristics of anti-persistence. Climatic factors (annual average precipitation and annual average temperature) had an impact on the distribution of the annual average NPP. The elevation results in differences in temperature, precipitation and soil, and indirectly affects vegetation NPP. Land use and cover change (LUCC) in 15 years showed that grassland area decreased the most, which was the main reason for the decrease in NPP.