Vegetation conditions can directly or indirectly reflect the impact of coal mining on the ecological environment. In this study, three typical mining areas of Changhe Coal Mine, Liliu Coal Mine and Pingshuo Open-pit Coal Mine are used as research areas. Based on Landsat data, the pixel coverage model based on topographically adjusted vegetation index was used to extract vegetation coverage. The trend analysis, linear regression slope and stability analysis method were used to analyze the spatial and temporal coverage of vegetation coverage in three typical mining areas from 2001 to 2016. Using the methodology of "time-for-space", the correlation analysis method was used to analyze the natural influencing factors of vegetation coverage change. The results showed that: (1) the vegetation coverage of the three typical mining areas presented an increasing trend in the past 16 years, and the growth rates of the Changhe, Liliu and Pingshuo mining areas were 0.09%/10 a, 0.10%/10 a, 0.08%/10 a, respectively (P > 0.05). (2) In terms of space, the proportions of vegetation coverage change in Changhe, Liliu, and Pingshuo mining areas were not obvious, accounting for 66.63%, 59.90%, and 62.25%, respectively. The proportions showing an increasing trend accounted for 28.14%, 32.55%, and 27.81% respectively.The proportions showing a decreasing trend accounted for 5.23%, 7.55%, and 9.94%, respectively. The obviously improved part of the Changhe mining area was located in the north and northeast of the natural vegetation and farming area. The obviously improved part of the Liliu mining area was located in the north with low vegetation coverage. The area with obvious improvement in the Pingshuo mining area was located in the central and western part of the reclamation area. (3) When the vegetation type was not distinguished, the change of vegetation coverage and the interaction of elevation, elevation and temperature in the three mining areas showed significant correlation (P < 0.01), and the correlation with various natural factors was in the order of Changhe > Liliu > Pingshuo mining area. When the vegetation type was distinguished, the correlation between grassland and slope was not significant (P > 0.05), and there was a significant positive correlation with rainfall and elevation (P < 0.05). The correlation between shrub forest and temperature was not significant. There was a significant positive correlation between the interaction of elevation and rainfall. There was a significant correlation between the interaction between dryland and elevation, elevation and temperature. The interaction between sparse forest and slope direction, rainfall and slope gradient showed no correlation. The interaction between woodland and elevation rainfall showed a significant positive correlation. Exploring the response of different vegetation types to natural factors can provide a reference for the selection of vegetation structure in the mining area and the reclamation of mining areas.