As a price adjustment mechanism, carbon tax and carbon tariff will exert strong influence on current economic system in the long run. Here, through the simulation analysis using the GTAP-E model, we may conclude that:firstly,carbon tariffs are not effective low-carbon economic policies at the present stage, and it only showed limited reduction of the world carbon emissions by imposing carbon tariffs on China by the United States. Secondly, the carbon tariff policy adopted by the United States has negatively affected China's export trade to a certain extent, especially for China's high-carbon industries. Lastly, when China and the United States adopt the same carbon tax policy, the levy of carbon tax has a greater negative impact on China's GDP. China's active carbon emission reduction cannot cope with the negative impact of U.S. carbon tariffs. However, when the two countries adopt different policies, China's active carbon emission reduction can cope with the threat of U.S. carbon tariffs effectively.