Aquaculture has a substantial impact on water environment of coastal ecosystems. Research on water quality and its driving forces is critical to the construction of marine pastures and management of coastal ecosystems. This paper analyzed the water quality status, spatiotemporal dynamics, and driving forces of water quality change in Ningde aquaculture area through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology and statistical software, based on water quality monitoring data and remote sensing images in summer and winter of 2017. Our results indicated that the sea area was in a state of heavy pollution and high eutrophication level and the seasonal changes were significant in all other water quality indicators except suspended solids and total phosphorus. The factors affecting water quality in different seasons were also different. More importantly, the seasonal variation of water quality was the result of the interaction of initial water quality, human activities, and natural factors. Based on our research results, the authors suggest monitoring the surface use and cover of aquaculture areas by combining high-resolution remote sensing technology, regulating the aquaculture types and behaviors (such as bait types and delivery methods), carrying out long-term monitoring of water quality and risk assessment so as to reduce the environment impacts, prevent and control the environmental and human health risks, and ensure the long-term social and economic benefits of marine pastures.