This study investigated the coverage and biomass dynamics of shrub and grass, the changing temporal-spatial pattern of vegetation (here refers to Caragana microphylla) in Inner Mongolia. Methods of field quadrat surveys and differential GPS have been conducted during ten-year exclosure. The results showed that: The coverage and biomass of grass increased firstly and then decreased with the inflection point in 2010, while shrub was gradually increasing, and the overall vegetation productivity restored significantly. After 2010, the fragmentation degree and contagion of the shrub patches increased firstly and then decreased too. Based on the study, we got summaries as follows: (1) The prolonged drought period before 2012 led to the reduction of grass productivity, and the competitive relationship between shrub and grass might contribute to the process. (2) With the increasing of precipitation in 2012, the grass recovered rapidly. At the landscape scale, the clonal growth of the young shrubs was responsible to the highest degree of fragmentation. (3) In the wetter period after 2012, the growth of the shrub was likely to promote the growth of the grass, which contributed to restoring and rebuilding the ecosystem.