In order to clarify the feedback mechanism of plant communities and soil ecology in different invasive areas to Flaveria bidentis, four typical-invaded regions JH, CZ, HS, and AY(Jinhai in Tianjin, Cangzhou in Hebei, Hengshui in Hebei, and Anyang in Henan, respectively) were selected to determine the effects of invasion on plant community diversity, soil physical and chemical factors, as well as soil microbial community structure, and to further analyse these relationships. The results showed that the plant community diversity index of F. bidentis-invaded soil (JH, CZ, and HS) significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and the physical and chemical properties of four F. bidentis-invaded soils changed. The fungi phospholipid fatty acids(PLFA), total PLFAs, fungi/bacteria and gram-negative bacteria/gram-positive bacteria in different F. bidentis-invaded soil significantly increased due to the plant invasion (P < 0.05), while the Margalef richness index of soil microorganisms was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Regional differences were also documented. The results of RDA and correlation analysis showed that the content of nitrate and total nitrogen had a greater influence on plant communities than other physical and chemical properties, while the content of ammonium had a larger impact on soil microbial community structure. Except for the Margalef index, there was a significant negative correlation between the diversity indices of the plant community and the soil microbial community (P < 0.05). Overall, F. bidentis changes the diversity of plant communities in invaded habitats and has a significant impact on soil physical and chemical properties as well as soil microbial community structure, and there are regional differences. This study will provide a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the invasion mechanism, and for making corresponding prevention and control strategies for alien plants.