The histologucal structure and argyrophil cells of digestive tract in Phrynocephalus vlangalii were studied by applying anatomy, paraffin section, H.E staining, and Grimelius staining. The aim was to detect the histological basis of high-altitude adaptation in P. vlangalii. The results showed that the wall of digestive tract consisted of 4 layers, including mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia. The length and wall thickness of each part varied significantly, with the small intestine was the longest and the pyloric was the thickest. Mucosal folds and the villi also varied among different parts. The number of small intestinal villi in the jejunum was the highest, followed by the duodenum and ileum. The shape of argyrophil cells were diverse, and mainly distributed in the base and gap of the mucosal epithelium. The gastric body was the part with the highest density of argyrophil cells, followed by the cardia, and the lowest was ileum. Compared with the low-altitude squamates, the relative length of small intestine became longer and the number of argyrophilic cell in gastric body increased in P. vlangalii.