The fragile ecological environment and intense human activities in the karst peak clusters in southwest China have led to rocky desertification and degradation of ecological functions, which has restricted the improvement of the regional ecological-wellbeing coupling benefits. From the perspective of numerical variation and spatial variability, this paper proposed the spatial trade-offs indicators based on the root mean square deviation method and geographical detector. Then we concentrated on the relationships between water conservation-soil erosion and net primary production (NPP)-soil erosion. In the different environmental factor gradients and geomorphological types, the spatial trade-off of ecosystem services and its differentiation characteristics were studied. The gradient analysis of the environmental factors shows that the spatial trade-off between water conservation and soil erosion decreases with the increase of vegetation coverage while the spatial trade-off between NPP and soil erosion increases with elevation and slope. The spatial trade-off in the middle elevation areas above 1000 meters and steep slope areas is 4-6 times higher than that in low elevation and gentle slope areas. The statistical results of the morphological geomorphology types area show that the geomorphological characteristics have macro-control effects on the spatial trade-off relationship between ecosystem services, and the spatial trade-off between NPP and soil erosion increases with the increase of topographic relief. Their ranking are as follows:the middle elevation plain < middle elevation terrace < middle elevation hill < small relief mountain < middle relief mountain, while the trend between water conservation and soil erosion is opposite. Therefore, in the karst rocky desertification control work aiming at the coordinated improvement of ecosystem services, the spatial difference of environmental factors and the macro-control role of geomorphological characteristics should be emphasized.