The Loess Plateau is the key area for soil and water loss (SWL) conservation and ecological restoration in China. A series of ecological restoration projects have been carried out and several conversation measures have been applied, which had sound function on control and mitigation of SWL and ecological degradation. The technology and its needs assessment are important links in selecting suitable and feasible technologies, as the lack of systematic needs analysis of different stakeholders has affected the effective application of soil and water conversation technology (SWCT). We selected 4 villages of Zhifanggou and Nangou basins of Ansai District of Yan'an City as case study area. Using the field survey, stakeholders questionnaires, and geospatial analysis, the objectives of this paper were to identify and assess the SWCT adopted in the study area, identify needs of technologies, and analyze the site suitability and socio-economic feasibility of the SWCT with indicator system. The results showed that farmers mainly applied 3 types of 12 technologies. Engineering and biological technologies were widely used, and there were few applications of vegetation covered ridge and agricultural technology. The overall effect of the SWCT was good. Experts from research institutions evaluated the SWCT in five dimensions of readiness, suitability, application barriers, effectiveness, and transfer potential. The comprehensive scores from experts of terrace, check dam, and vegetation covered ridge were higher than other technologies. Effectiveness scores from farmers of terrace, horizontal ditch, and fish scale pit were higher than those from experts. However, scores from farmers of check dam, water cellar, and conversation tillage were lower, because farmers were concerned about the economic benefits of technology. Problems of application of the SWCT included few supporting measures of terrace and gully land, few repair and maintenance of check dam and water cellar. Technology needs were divided into 3 categories, namely new technology, improved technology and supporting technology. The site condition with slope, geomorphologic types, and land use of two villages in Zhifanggou basin was suitable for planting trees and grass, while those of two villages in Nangou basin was suitable for natural recovery. Shiyaoxian village needed more terrace to plant apple trees. Zhifanggou village needed more terrace to plant crop or build green house. Danangou village needed more supporting technologies for gully lands. Xingshuyao village needed new gully lands and supporting infrastructure. We also conducted the social-economic condition analysis of labor force, accessibility, and farmers' willingness. This research was an important attempt to assessment and needs analysis on the SWCT in the Loess Plateau for ecological governance decision-making.