Grassland ecological compensation is one of the inevitable course to build ecological civilization in China. To some extent herders' satisfaction with grassland ecological compensation and reward policies reflects the implementation performance of compensation. In view of the characteristics of different pastoral areas, Gansu province implemented the differentiated compensation and reward standards. In this study, 351 herdsmen were selected from two different grassland pastoral areas in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and western desert area of Gansu Province. Using a combination of in-depth interviews and questionnaires, we constructed a satisfaction evaluation index system. The herdsmen's satisfaction towards grassland eco-compensation and reward policy and its influencing factors in different regions were evaluated through the Logistic model. The results show as following:(1) the herdsmen's satisfaction with the policy is low with the overall satisfaction index 67.24%. (2) Diversification of herdsmen's livelihood has an important impact on policy evaluation results. The income sources of herdsmen in western desert area are more diversified than those in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The income proportion of animal husbandry in western desert area is lower than that of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The policy implementation has less impacts on herdsmen's income. The satisfaction of herdsmen in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was 62.43%,which was lower than that in the western desert area with 72.35%. The herdsmen's perception of the policy effect, family size, and understanding of policy are the common factors for both pastoral areas. However, there are some differences in the two areas. In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the factors affecting the satisfaction of herdsmen on policy are family size, cognition of policy role, the behavioral response to policy, level of education, and understanding of policy, while in western desert area, the influencing factors are family income, cognition of policy role, understanding of policy, health, and family size. Therefore, it is necessary to implement precise compensation to diversify compensation standards and methods, strengthen policy advocacy and guidance to lead the resettlement of herdsmen, animal husbandry industry transformation and increase of herdsmen income.