To facilitate more scientific and reasonable evaluation of numerous ecological management technologies, based on the construction strategy and the screening principle, a comprehensive evaluation index system for ecological management technology was generated through primary theoretical selection and expert screening. The index system can reveal the attributes, suitability, application effects, and promotion potential of the technology. The index system comprises two levels:the target layer and the index layer. The target layer is the adaptation effect of the ecological management technology, and the index layer is divided into the control index and the classification evaluation index. The control index includes 5 first-level indices and 14 second-level indices, which are applicable to all types of ecological management technologies; the classification evaluation index is a three-level index including 29 indices of four types of technology separately, i.e., soil and water conservation technologies, desertification control technologies, rocky desertification control technologies, and ecological restoration technologies. Different ecological management technologies can be evaluated using appropriate three-level indices. Such an evaluation index system not only reflects regional differences, but also establishes a public evaluation platform that provides a scientific basis and key technical support to assess ecological management technology and is conducive to the development and innovation of ecological management technologies and the construction of China's ecological environment.