China national parks aim to protect the integrity of ecosystems and provide the multiple services to different stakeholders, ensuring fair and sustainable benefit-sharing among them. In terms of community resource use, the fair and sustainable benefit sharing is based on the residents' acceptance of the benefit-sharing rules in the protected area management so as to adapt their behaviours for the robustness of the system. The key factor to affect rules acceptance and behaviours is how resource users assess resource values and how they form a common understanding of the value and make the behaviour helpful for system robustness. Based on the social-ecological system (SES) theory, this research applied an analytical framework that defined resource value and formed utilisation rules to analyse the context of resource value assessment, recognition of the meaning of the ecosystem and attitude to potential rules. We aim to understand the dynamics and mechanism of their "benefit" perception, the impact on the "robustness" of the SES from their corresponding behaviours and possible ways of forming rules which facilitate benefit sharing. The results showed that 1) the local communities judged the management efficiency of protected areas and the potential benefit of the national park primarily based on the function of livelihood support. 2) They perceived that the positive meaning of the Wuyishan ecosystem was to diversify provisioning services, but also admitted the importance of the psychological satisfaction brought by the cultural meaning and economic income, as well as the importance of conservation. 3) They related the acceptance of future management regulations to their spatio-temporal compatibility with the community-perceived priorities of ecosystem services. In order to ensure that new rules of a national park facilitate equity in benefit sharing and regulate behaviours to maintain the robustness of the social-ecological system, we proposed a negotiation space to form regulations through converging of perceptions of stakeholders.