This paper aims to explore the interaction mechanism of the soil properties and nutrient contents, enzyme activity of the soil, and the abundance and activity of soil bacterial community structure and diversity, and impact analysis of three in Chinese fir plantation's red soil in southern China after biochars application. We cultivated and determined bacterial community in soil environment of the artificial Chinese fir forest by adding different biochars based on high-throughput sequencing technology. Four enzymes related to soil C and N cycling were selected to analyze the relationship between the four enzymes and the soil nutrient content and relative abundance of the soil bacteria. The results showed that the biochar application improved the soil pH, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, and promoted the activities of soil-α-glucosidase, soil-β-glucosidase and urease, but had no significant effect on catalase. The increase of the Chinese fir leaf biochar was greater than fir wood chip biochar, while the total carbon content of soil with fir wood chip biochar was higher than that of the Chinese fir leaf biochar because the raw materials for biochar preparation and its own properties and substance content were different. The activity of C cycle soil-glucosidase increased more with low addition of biochar than with high addition of biochar, while the soil urease activity related to the N cycle increased with the increase of the biochar addition, especially 3% BL600 treatment had a significant effect on soil urease. Adding cedar leaf charcoal to soil could increase the soil bacterial abundance, while wood charcoal reduced the soil bacterial abundance, and low temperature charcoal was higher than high temperature charcoal. Adding biochar had direct influence on the soil pH value, total carbon, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium content. The soil composition and properties had different effects on the living habits and functions of different bacterial populations. The soil enzyme activities were closely related to soil bacteria. The changes in bacterial abundance caused changes in the soil enzyme activities. Therefore, the soil enzyme activities and bacterial communities relative abundance had a certain correlation with the response to the addition of biochar.