In order to explore effective measures and methods suitable for biodiversity conservation in urban and rural areas in China, Baoji city was selected as a pilot study area. We created a set of biotope classification that integrated vegetation structure parameters, i.e. horizontal structure, age of dominant species, vertical structure, and forest types through field survey and biotope mapping. The status of urban green spaces was presented as a biotope map. By comparison of species richness of vascular plants in the green spaces with different vegetation structures, the validity of the biotope mapping scheme on the collection of urban and rural biodiversity information was examined. Finally, the existing problems in the spatial structure of green spaces in the study area were analyzed. A set of biodiversity protection strategies for the Baoji city was put forward for the theoretical basis and solutions to urban biodiversity conservation in the future.