Ecological security is a highlight of ecology, and studies on ecological security have been increasing both foreign and domestically in recent years. The basic foreign and domestic data from the study include the Web of Science database and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). From the perspective of bibliometrics, this study used Excel to calculate the number of publications according to the year, Bibexcel to create a high-frequency co-word matrix, and UCINET and NetDraw to draw a co-word network visualization map. Finally, SPSS was used to cluster the keywords to explore regional ecological security trends and hotspots. The research showed the following: (1) the number of regional ecological security studies on regional ecological security has increased gradually each year, and the number of publications has entered a stage of rapid growth, especially since 2012. (2) The regional ecological security domestically and foreign show great differences: foreign countries pay more attention to the relationship between ecological security and sustainable development based on climate change, while basic theories, such as ecological security spatial planning, the construction of ecological civilization, and empirical case studies of ecological security, were emphasized in domestic studies. (3) To some extent, co-occurrence network visible keywords, including food safety, environment, and climate change have become the current foreign and domestic research hotspots alongside ecological security, the construction of ecological civilization, and ecological redline. (4) Domestic and foreign research on ecological security show big differences in research objects and research scales. The research focuses on extremely poor countries and developing countries, and foreign studies are found at regional, country-wide, and even global scales. While domestic research mainly focuses on regions, the research scale is more concentrated to the mesoscale. In conclusion, the research hotspots of regional ecological security include ecological security evaluation and its influencing factors, ecological civilization construction strategies, and sustainable development research; future research on ecological security should focus on the spatial evolution of ecological security, inter-regional security linkages, and security countermeasures.