Tunnels are densely distributed in the karst valley area of Southwest China, and tunnel water inrush has caused a series of ecological and environmental problems. This paper reviews the current status of the ecological and environmental effects caused by tunnel construction, including changes in the distribution patterns and hydrological processes of water resources that may induce geological disasters, reduce land quality, increase soil pollution, and affect vegetation growth and distribution. There are multiple studies on the impact of tunnels on hydrology and water resources, but there is no unified understanding regarding the impact of tunnels on soil and vegetation. The general trends and direction of future research are as follows:a hydrogeological model of water resource distribution patterns and the hydrological processes affected by tunnels; the transformation processes of precipitation, surface water, soil water, groundwater, and tunnel water; the evolution mechanism of the groundwater field; physiological processes and diversity changes in the vegetation of the karst valley area.