Currently, how to realize the coordinated development of regional economy, society, resources, and environment has become one of the major challenges for the human beings. In this paper, the research venation and hotspots on the relationship between resources and environment and regional development in the academic community have been systematically reviewed. The research has gone through three stages, namely, the initial, rapid development, and continuous deepening stages. Generally, the process of study has evolved from the traditional single element basic theory research to dynamic, intelligent, and modeled research. In addition, the paper highlights the main limitations and difficulties of the existing research as follows: how to coordinate the universality and specificity of evaluation indicators; how to balance the accuracy and flexibility of key thresholds; and how to connect the experimental simulation results and practical application platform. Finally, the prospects for future research are presented including four aspects: improving the comprehensive assessment framework on resource environment and regional development, building an intelligent simulation decision-making platform from the perspective of multidisciplinary integration, exploring the coordinated development model in the context of the transition period of China, and discussing the influence of the nationally institutional and administrative system reform. The study will assist in deep understanding of the internal links between resource and environment and regional development. It also provide a useful reference for relevant policies.