Ecological assets are an important part of natural resource assets. The purpose of protecting and restoring an ecosystem is to increase ecological assets and to enhance ecosystem services. Qinghai Province is an ecologically important region with rich ecological assets. Governments have attached great importance to the construction of ecological civilization in Qinghai Province. It is crucial to assess the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration projects for further protection of ecological assets in Qinghai Province. In this study, we created a comprehensive assessment of ecological assets and their changes in Qinghai Province (including key ecological function areas and non-key ecological function areas) over the past 15 years by accounting ecological asset areas, evaluating ecosystem quality, and creating an ecological asset index. Grassland assets are the main ecological assets in Qinghai Province, and we found 32.1% of the total grassland area to be of good quality. The quality of forest ecological assets is polarized, that of shrub ecological assets is poor, and that of natural wetland ecological assets is generally good. In the past 15 years, we found that the area of ecological assets has changed slightly, the quality of natural ecological assets increased significantly, and the ecological asset index increased steadily in Qinghai Province. The area of natural ecological assets in the province increased by 3239.3 km², and within this area, natural wetlands increased by 15.1%. The area of natural ecological assets above a good grade increased by 61920.1 km², representing an increase of 55.5%. Among them, the area of key ecological function zones increased by 48621.9 km² and non-key ecological function zones increased by 13298.3 km². The ecological assets comprehensive index of Qinghai Province increased from 240.37 to 278.22, representing an increase of 15.7%. A series of ecological protection and restoration projects such as Grain to Green Program, ecological compensation for wetlands, ecological protection and construction projects in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve, and ecological environmental protection and comprehensive treatment projects in Qinghai Lake Basin played a positive role in improving the quantity and quality of natural ecological assets in Qinghai Province. Changes in ecological assets in Qinghai Province are also affected by climatic factors. Climate change has led to an increase in the area of natural wetland ecological assets and a reduction in the area of grassland ecological assets. At the same time, the increase in temperature has increased the quality of forest, shrub, and grassland ecological assets.