The stoichiometry of soil enzymatic activity is a key indicator to predict microbial growth and metabolism and can be used to evaluate soil nutrient limitation. Camellia oleifera, the main economically important woody oil-producing plant in southern China, has received much attention recently; however, little is known about the soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry and microbial resource limitation in C. oleifera plantations. In this study, to understand soil nutrient limitations in C. oleifera plantations in the subtropical region of China, we collected 96 soil samples from 32 sample site plantations with varying levels of C. oleifera stand development and analyzed the soils' enzymatic activities. Plantation with four different C. oleifera stand ages were chosen: < 9 years, 9-20 years, 21-60 years, and > 60 years. We examined the activities of 1,4-β-glucosidase (BG), α-cellulases (CBH), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), 1,4-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and alkaline phosphatases (AP), as well as soil physicochemical parameters. We analyzed the stoichiometric characteristics of the enzymes and the relationships between the soils' physicochemical properties and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. The results indicate that all soil enzyme activities increased with increasing stand age in the early stage, and then the activity of those enzymes stabilized. In addition, AP activity was greater than those of BG, CBH, NAG, and LAP. According to a correlation analysis, all soil enzyme activities were positively correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content but were not correlated to total phosphorus (TP) or Olsen phosphorous (P) content. The ratios of ln(CBH+BG):ln(NAG+LAP), ln(CBH+BG):ln(AP), and ln(NAG+LAP):ln(AP) showed a similar pattern of increase with stand age. The soil ecoenzymatic C:N:P stoichiometry in our C. oleifera plantations was 1:1:1.5, which was inconsistent with the 1:1:1 global pattern of C:N:P stoichiometry. This result suggests that C. oleifera plantations in the subtropical region of China were limited by phosphorus. A canonical redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that SOC was the dominant factor affecting soil enzymatic activity and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. Additionally, TP and pH were selected by the RDA model as the significant environmental factors influencing soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. Our results suggest that carbon and phosphorus adjustments could be an important strategy to improve soil enzymatic activities and alleviate the phosphorus limitation of C. oleifera plantations. Our study provides solid data to support nutrient management and the sustainable management of C. oleifera plantations in the subtropical region of China.