In the rapid urbanization process of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, the extensive economic development model of "high energy consumption, high pollution, and high emissions" has caused a series of problems such as smog water pollution, and ecological system destruction. Thirteen cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2015 were selected as the research objects. The system index evaluation model was used to evaluate the index values of urbanization and the ecological environment system and subsystems. The coupling coordination model and its classification principle were used to determine the coordinated development pattern. The results showed that coordinated development pattern was relatively strong in Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, Shijiazhuang, and Langfang; relatively moderate in Handan, Qinhuangdao, Hengshui, and Cangzhou; and relatively weak in Xingtai, Baoding, Zhangjiakou, and Chengde. Beijing, Baoding, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, and Qinhuangdao were better in terms of ecological environment protection, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Langfang, Handan, and Cangzhou were in the middle, and Xingtai, Hengshui, and Tangshan were weaker. The relatively slow urbanization development stage occurred from 2000 to 2007, before steadily increasing from 2008 to 2015. The difficult period of ecological protection consciousness was from 2000 to 2010, the period of greatest ecological civilization construction was from 2011 to 2015, a period in which investment in environmental protection increased sharply. The spatial pattern of the high urbanization area remained unchanged, the spatial pattern of slightly high and middle urbanization area was relatively stable, and the spatial pattern indicated that low urbanization areas were virtually non-existent. The spatial pattern of areas with superior, slightly superior, and a medium level of ecological environment protection was relatively stable, while no areas exhibited inferior ecological environment protection. The coupling and coordination degree of urbanization and the ecological environment system had a significant upward trend in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, but imbalance and moderate coordination were the dominant type and increased significantly. Overall, the types of synergistic development gradually changed from urbanization lag to ecological environment lag, indicating that the quality of the ecological environment needs to be improved further. Therefore, it is necessary to put ecological environment protection as a key pillar of urbanization, to adhere to the idea of industrial transformation, upgrading, and the self-optimization of "high-tech +", and build a "beautiful China" green urbanization model area with regional characteristics. It is also crucial to increase investment and publicity related to regional ecological environment protection, integrate the "ecological +" concept into economic and social development, and cultivate green small towns on a regional level. Diversified ecological protection parks, modern tourism facilities, and scientific and technological education and training institutions must be developed, and multi-dimensional and multi-directional linkage development should be promoted both within and outside of the region. The awareness of the ecological environment crisis must be maintained, safeguard measures created, and significant efforts made to put an end to major ecological damage, environmental pollution, and other harmful incidents.