With constant changes in the economic situation of our country, increasing number of peasant households are progressing from "Single livelihood strategy" to "Diversity livelihood strategy" and "Superior livelihood strategy". As the most basic economic unit of society and decision-making, the peasant household is central to the conflicts between economy, resource, and environment. The dynamic changes in livelihood strategies and activities of peasant households will definitely influence the complex ecosystem of nature, society, and economy. Based on a brief review of research on peasant livelihoods and from the aspect of connotation and type, nature of transformation and driving factors, and influence on the environment brought about by such transformation, this study conducts an in-depth review of research and development by domestic and foreign scholars on the subject. It also tentatively constructs a basic research framework for the influence of peasant livelihood transformation on the environment, suggests that research should focus on the dynamic nature and complexity of livelihoods, and lays emphasis on the definition and understanding of sustainable livelihood strategies.