The aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of soil bacterial community in different forests in the Yellow River Delta. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare the soil microbial communities from different forests, that is pure Robinia pseudoacacia forest, pure Ailanthus altissima forest, and their mixed forest. The soil physicochemical properties were measured to determine the correlations between them. Results showed that the composition and structure of soil bacterial communities were different among these forests. At the level of bacterial phylum classification, 27, 25, 31 bacteria were detected in the soil of A. altissima, R. pseudoacacia, and the mixed forest, respectively. For all these three stands, there were eight main bacterial communities, that was acidobacteria, proteobacteria, actinobacteria, nitrospirae, chloroflex, planctomycetes, gemmatimonadetes and verrucomicrobia, among which the acidobacteria, proteobacteria and actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial communities. The relative abundance of bacteria in the mixed plantations were significantly different from that in the pure plantations. Besides, the observed speices (1910) and Shannon index (9.1) were highest in the mixed forests. Through principal component analysis (PCA) we found that there were significant separation for soil bacterial community structure among the three different stands(P < 0.05). And for mixed forest, there was a strong positive correlation between the available phosphorus and soil bacterial community. Therefore, different stand types, soil characteristics and cummunity structures intereact with each other. The mixed plantations could increase the diversity of soil bacterial community. And the soil bacterial structure and diversity could be affected by the soil physical and chemical properties.