It is of great significance to probe the long-term change of karst rocky desertification (KRD) for understanding the evolution of human-land relationship and KRD control in karst mountain. The objective of our study was to conduct an empirical study on the KRD change during the lastest 50 years by use of high resolution remote sensing images and field investigation in five typical karst mountain regions in Guizhou Province. The results show as follows:(1) the KRD area, the KRD comprehensive index, the area proportion of changed KRD, the changing amplitude, and dynamic degree of KRD indicated that the KRD evolution has experienced a transformation from increase to decrease from 1963 to 2015, and the change of KRD in the study area had two obvious turning point in 1980s and 2004. (2) After 2010, the severe KRD change became a major type, and the severe KRD declined significantly. (3) Due to different natural and social economic conditions, five study areas formed different KRD evolution patterns, reflecting the diversity of the KRD evolution in different times and different regions. (4) The transformation of KRD evolution related with the policy of grain to green and the control engineering of KRD. The results provide the reference to clarify long-term KRD evolution trend of karst mountain in southwestern China.