To study the seasonal variation and impact factors of soil enzyme activities in different plant communities surrounding the Ebinur Lake wetland, four plant communities (Haloxylon-Tamarix, Populus euphratica, Haloxylon ammodendron, Phragmites) were selected to study in May, August, and November from 2015 to 2016. Catalase, phosphatase, urease activity, and physicochemical parameters in soil from these four communities were analyzed. The results show that (1) the significant changes in enzyme activities in 4 habitats were found following order of Phragmites > Haloxylon > Populus euphratica > Haloxylon-Tamarix communities. The enzymatic activities of different plant communities had obvious seasonal changes with the peaks of soil catalase, phosphatase, and urease in Haloxylon ammodendron, Haloxylon ammodendron, and Populus euphratica communities appeared in May (2.72, 3.31, 2.94 mg/g), (1.18, 1.32, 0.69 mg/g) and (0.18, 0.34, 0.17 mg/g), respectively. However,, the peak values of reed community appeared in August (5.18, 1.20, 0.66 mg/g respectively). The valley values appeared in November. (2) The positive relationship were found between soil enzyme activities in these four plant communities with soil organic matter and total phosphorus, while negative with soil salinity did. The soil temperature in communities was negatively correlated with enzyme activity in August except for the reed community. (3) Enzyme activities of four plant communities were affected by multi-factors including soil salinity, organic matter, and total phosphorus in the Ebinur Lake Wetland. The soil temperature and moisture can affect enzyme activities stronger than other factors.