In order to gain more knowledge and to provide a scientific theory reference for the conservation and management of Black-billed Capercaillie, research on the population density and nocturnal habitat utilization of the Black-billed Capercaillie in the northern area of Greater Khingan Range during January 2017 to February 2018 was conducted by using the line transect method, fixed-point observation method, the sample method, factor measurement, factor analysis, and GPS positioning. The results showed that:(1) during wintering in the northern area of Greater Khingan Range, the population density of the Black-billed Capercaillie was (1.18-8.06) individuals/km², namely 1-8 individuals per km²; (2) the length, width, and depth of the nest for the nocturnal habitat of the Black-billed Capercaillie were (52.64±9.28) cm, (26.55±6.91) cm, (17.11±3.78) cm, respectively; (3) nocturnal habitat utilization of the Black-billed Capercaillie included two scales and three selection levels, such as nocturnal habitat type selection at the macro-habitat scale, nocturnal area selection, and nocturnal micro-habitat selection at the micro-habitat scale; (4) the Black-billed Capercaillie preferred mixed broadleaf-conifer forest with Larix gmelinii as the dominant tree species, the nocturnal habitat type (100.00%); snow area beside the forest edge, and area under the tree in the forest were preferred as the nocturnal area (75.00%); the nocturnal micro-habitat was selected according to the shelter factor, emergency escape factor, and temperature factor; among them the shelter factor included arbor density and disturbance area distance, the area with high arbor density was selected away (about 4.5 km) from the disturbance area; emergency escape factor included altitude, openness in nest exit, and arbor distance (less than 1 m); temperature factor included snow depth in the nest and the direction (angle) of nest exit, the lee side of an area with suitable temperature, fit for body measurement index, was selected.