In this study, we selected 2016 forest resources of dominant tree species in Hunan Province as object, and evaluated the value of forest land, forests, ecological services, forest resource liabilities, and net assets. Based on the accounting results, we also compiled a forest resource balance sheet. The results showed that the total value of the dominant tree species was 493.8 billion yuan in 2016, with an increase of 12.84% over the previous year, in which values of the Chinese fir, broadleaf tree and masson pine forest land accounted for 91.86% in the total. The average value of forestlands was 54.80 thousand yuan/hm². The book value of forests reached 338.51 billion yuan with an increase of 2.19% over the previous year, in which the parts of forests of broadleaf tree, the Chinese fir, and masson pine accounted for 95% of the total book value. The average value of book value was 37.56 thousand yuan/hm². The ecological service value was 330.44 billion yuan in 2016, which showed an increase 2.36% over the previous year. The average value of ecological service was 36.67 thousand yuan/hm².The value of each ecological service contributed 1.81% (nutrients accumulating) - 25.68% (water conservation) to the total value. The loss of forest resources caused by four types of damage factors such as land occupation was 13.5 thousand hm² for forest areas and 487.7 thousand m³ for forest stock volume. The amount of forest resources liabilities were land occupation (61.83 billion yuan) > forest fires (50.55 billion yuan) > deforestation (23.67 billion yuan) > devastating and reclamation (6.71 billion yuan). The value of land assets, forest assets, and ecological services accounted for 42.47%, 29.11%, and 28.42% of the total value of Hunan Province forests resource. The asset-liability rate was 0.26% and the capital-accumulation rate was 6.5%.