Spartina alterniflora is one of the most noxious invasive plants in China, and it seriously threatens the safety of coastal wetland ecosystem. The aim of this study was to screen for herbicides that could efficiently eliminate S. alterniflora, providing a method for the control of S. alterniflora. In July 2017, different herbicides were sprayed on the stems and leaves of S. alterniflora in the intertidal zone of the Yellow River Delta. The growth status of S. alterniflora and density of macrobenthos were investigated in 2017 and the following year. The results of this study indicated that (1) haloxyfop-P-methyl could completely eradicate S. alterniflora. It not only completely inhibited sexual reproduction by killing the aboveground part of S. alterniflora but also inhibited asexual reproduction of the rhizomes in the following year. (2) Cyhalofop-butyl could also completely inhibit the growth and spiking of S. alterniflora, but its ability of controlling asexual reproduction was slightly weaker than that of haloxyfop-P-methyl. Glyphosate could completely suppress the sexual reproduction of S. alterniflora, but it could not effectively inhibit asexual reproduction in the following year. (3) Application of herbicides could poison some macrobenthos in a short period, but the macrobenthos could be restored in a year. The influence on the environment is closely connected with the amount and period of herbicide application. In the future, the best time and minimum dosage of herbicides should be evaluated to minimize the negative effects on the environment.