Relict habitat such as Luoshan Nature Reserve, with its species rarity and ecological vulnerability, was an indicator of regional ecological and environmental changes. To study its ecological trend plays an important role in protecting species and the ecological balance in Ningxia Section of Arid Desertification Belt in North China. Based on Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI (from 1977 to 2017) data, SRTM DEM, and the annual average temperature and precipitation (from 1977 to 2017) from meteorological stations around Luoshan Mountain, human impact variables (population, cultivated land, and residential area) and natural ecological elements (NDVI) were quantitatively expressed and analyzed using correlation analyses. This study found indicators that human influence has affected the watershed of the Luoshan Nature Reserve through ecological alteration of the geographic landscape. The area of true-shaped residents (identifiable proportionately from remote sensing images) increased 3.09 times from 1977 to 2017. The population increased 34.30 times due to the immigration for poverty alleviation in the Hongsibu District. Before immigration, cultivated land area increased, but then decreased rapidly. Most dry-cultivated lands were converted to forest lands, and a small part were converted to irrigated cultivation lands. In the last 5 years (2013 to 2017), although NVDI maximum and total values in the Luoshan Nature Reserve have showed a slight upward trend, they are still below the historic values. It can be concluded:(1) The landscape was severely fragmented through the creation of roads, railways, and fences, isolating the habitats of animals and plants. (2) Due to rapid urbanization and high-intensity agricultural development in the Hongsibu Immigration District, water and land resources have been converted from decentralized traditional farming (semi-arid agriculture) to the centralized development of modern agriculture (irrigated agriculture). So the human-land relationship is increasingly under strain, aggravating the risk of regional ecological security.