The aim of the present study was to explore the differences and variation of the water storage capacity of soil and shear performance between the sedimentation zone in front of and ridge behind hedgerows on Purple Soil Slopping Farmland. This study set 10° Leucaena leucocephala hedgerows (plot L10), 10° Vetiveria zizanioides hedgerows (plot V10), and 15° V. zizanioides hedgerows (plot V15), from the Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station in Suining, Sichuan. There were sedimentation zones in front of the hedgerows on the up, middle, and down slopes and a ridge behind the hedgerows on the up and middle slopes at each plot. We collected samples of arable soil from these zones to a 30 cm depth. Some basic physical properties and shear strength of soil were measured, and soil total storage capacity, flood detention storage, internal friction angle φ, and cohesion c were calculated. The results showed that:(1) in the same plots, the water storage capacity of the sedimentation zone in front of the hedgerows was better than that of the ridges behind the corresponding hedgerows, and that the sedimentation zone had a higher natural water content by 6.52%-12.13%; (2) soil disturbance and shear resistance of the ridges behind the hedgerows were higher than that of the sedimentation zone in front of the corresponding hedgerows. The soil non-capillary porosity of ridges behind the hedgerows was significantly higher than that of the sedimentation zone in front of the hedgerows by 5.61%-57.70%; (3) in the same plot, the water storage capacity in the sedimentation zone in front of the hedgerows showed the following order:down slope > middle > up slope, and that of the ridge behind hedgerows was up > middle slope. This trend was obvious in plot V15; the soil total storage capacity and flood detention storage of the sedimentation zone in front of the hedgerows on the down slope were 1.04 times and 1.03 times higher than those of the up slope, respectively, and those of the ridge behind the hedgerows on the up slope were all 1.02 times higher than that of the middle slope; (4) in the same plot, the internal friction angle φ, cohesion c, and shear strength in the sedimentation zone in front of the hedgerows were in the order of up > middle > down slope, and that on the ridge behind the hedgerows were up > middle slope. This was evident in plot V10, where the internal friction angle φ, cohesion c, and shear strength of the sedimentation zone in front of the hedgerows on the up slope were 1.06, 1.09 and 1.05 times greater than those of the down slope, respectively. However, those of the ridge behind the hedgerows on the up slope were all 1.04 times higher than that of the middle slope; (5) the rainy season had no significant effect on soil disturbance, water storage capacity, and shear performance for both the sedimentation zone in front of and ridge behind the hedgerows.