The stability and dynamic changes in plants and soil reflect the self-regulation and adaptability of forest ecosystems in complex habitats. The influence of Moso bamboo invasion on forest ecosystems has become a new research focus. This article reviewed the invasion mechanisms of Moso bamboo, and the influence of Moso bamboo invasion on forest plant viability, species diversity, vegetation carbon storage, soil physical and chemical properties, and the structure and function of soil microorganisms. Aimed at the problems existing in current research, we suggested that research should focus on enhancing the means of controlling Moso bamboo invasion, concentrating on the long-term monitoring of succession between different types of bamboo and forest interface, defining the stages of Moso bamboo invasion, and strengthening the study on the ecological effect after Moso bamboo invasion. This article is helpful to understand the interaction between the forest and Moso bamboo invasion, and forest response and adaptation to Moso bamboo invasion. It can be used as a reference to understand Moso bamboo invasion mechanisms, and predict the changing characteristics of plants and soil after Moso bamboo invasion.