Industrial diversity is an important frontier of industrial ecology research, involving various concepts and measurement methods. Using the annual survey of the industrial firms in Shandong Province in 2010, we chose 13 industrial diversity indices to calculate the industrial ecosystem diversity, including four indices directly transplanted from the biodiversity index, and nine indices constructed for specific purposes. Based on these indices, we described the spatial pattern of the industrial diversity in Shandong Province, and then we used the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) to examine the spatial autocorrelation among different counties. The sorting results of the 13 diversity indices about the rank of counties in Shandong province were found to be nearly consistent; the industrial development in Shandong province was unbalanced, and there were apparent differences in the level of industrial development between counties. The counties with higher industrial diversity were mainly distributed in Qingdao, Zibo, Yantai, Weifang, Weihai, Jinan, Dezhou, Jining, Linyi, Taian, and Zaozhuang at the prefecture level. We also found that the industrial diversity among counties had a significantly positive spatial autocorrelation with geographic concentration patterns. It was mainly a high-high aggregation distribution pattern, suggesting the existence of the industrial development hotspot and coldspot polarization. The exploratory spatial data analysis revealed that the industrial development core counties were mainly located at Qingdao, Zibo, Taian, Jinan, Weihai, and Yantai, while the industrial development depression counties were mainly located at Binzhou, Qindao, Zaozhuang, and Dongying at the prefecture level in Shandong Province. In addition, Rizhao, Heze, and Zaozhuang came under the industrial development uneven counties, which was different from the surrounding counties.