Between March 2017 and March 2018, the diversity of avian and mammal species was surveyed with camera traps in Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve; 4442 camera dates and 1003 independent wildlife photographs were collected, including 683 photos of 16 mammal species from 9 families and 4 orders and 320 photos of 46 avian species from 23 families and 9 orders. Muntiacus reevesi and Garrulax perspicillatus possessed the highest relative abundance index among the mammal and avian species, respectively. Cervus nippon and Syrmaticus ellioti have been listed in the first category of nationally protected wildlife species in China; Viverricula indica, Pucrasia macrolopha, Lophura nycthemera, Tyto longimembris, Otus sunia, and Accipiter virgatus have been listed in the second category of nationally protected wildlife species. Infrared cameras showed the highest and lowest photographic rate for shrubs and meadow, respectively. According to principal component analysis (PCA), species had an extremely significant correlation with the infrared camera site. The number of species recorded with infrared cameras was less than the number of species estimated with rarefaction and extrapolation curves, which means that wildlife species diversity needs to be surveyed continuously. The results provided a comprehensive baseline for the wildlife resources in Taohongling Nature Reserve for biodiversity management and long-term monitoring.