The study was carried out at the Maerkang musk deer farm (MMF), Sichuan Province, from June 20 to August 10th, 2016. We used the personality scale to conduct personality evaluation of 172 (59 female and 113 male) forest musk deer. The personality dimension of the captive forest musk deer was established and the relationship between the personality dimension and effect of musk secretion and reproduction was explored. The results showed that all load values of factor analysis were more than 0.4 and results of Cronbach's alpha analysis were 0.648. This demonstrates that the personality scale shows consistently reliable and structurally valid results. Additionally, when the characteristic root was greater than 1, the five personality dimensions of aggression, activity, stereotypy, timidity, and sociality of the captive forest musk deer explained 70.77% of personality information; the rationality of the dimension division was further verified by cluster analysis. There was a significant positive correlation between the sociality dimension and musk secretion (r=0.234, P=0.023), higher sociality (individuals showing more intimate contact and co-ingestion), higher musk secretion was associated with greater aggressiveness (r=0.463, P=0.003 < 0.05), activity (r=0.440, P=0.005 < 0.05), and stereotypy (r=0.595, P=0.000 < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated with the time of delivery. A stronger personality was associated with a later delivery time, while stereotypy and litter size were significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.341, P=0.034 < 0.05). These results indicate that the breeding effect of the captive forest musk deer was mainly influenced by the stereotypy dimension, and stereotypy individuals had a negative effect on reproductive effectiveness.