The seedlings of Pinus tabulaeformis were inoculated with Lactarius hatsudake and Suillus luteus under pot culture conditions, and the growth characteristics, anti-oxidase activity and root architecture of seedlings after the formation of ectomycorrhizal fungi were examined. The results showed that: (1) The two exogenous mycorrhizal fungi variables can form exogenous mycorrhizae with P. tabulaeformis and the seedling height, ground diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight were significantly improved; (2) In the needles treated with S. luteus, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was 14.77% higher than that after L. hatsudake treatment, peroxidase (POD) was 20.77%, and catalase (CAT) was 34.68%. In roots treated with S. luteus, the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT were 8.54%, 4.34%, and 33.31% higher than those after L. hatsudake treatment, respectively. All root indices (root length, surface area, volume, average root diameter, number of root tips, and branching) and anti-oxidase activity with the two treatments were improved significantly. Among all root indices, there was only a significant difference in the number of root tips between the inoculation of L. hatsudake and S. luteus. Following S. luteus treatment, the seedling primary lateral roots number in the 80°-90° angle of branch was 23.81%, which was significantly greater than that following L. hatsudake treatment and in the control group (CK). Based on these results, S. luteus and L. hatsudake treatments improved seedling growth, enhanced the anti-oxidase activity of the seedlings, and enlarged the absorption range of the roots. Compare to L. hatsudake treatments, S. luteus treatment has better promotion effects on all seedling indices.