Toward a realistic goal of integrative management of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands, the concept of ecological assets has aroused attention during the recent years. The accurate characterization of ecological assets can deepen the understanding of ecosystem services for both resource managers and users. Thus, it is an important bridge for the transition of ecosystem services theory from academic research to decision-making practice. However, the current ecological asset accounting results have a high degree of uncertainty, making its decision support function questionable. This study summarizes the progress in ecological asset research from three aspects:conceptual analysis, decision support, and key research content. In the intersection of concepts, the practical cases of ecological asset accounting often consider the intersection of natural capital and ecosystem services, and regard them as stock and flow, respectively. When the ecological assets are used as a basis of audit, the physical quantity of ecological assets should be preferred over monetary value. The ecological assets have already been used as an important performance evaluation and scenario optimization tool for sustainable management of regional landscape and development of livelihood of farmers. Future studies on ecological assets should focus on four aspects-developing ecosystem services evaluation model, detecting the relationships between ecosystem services supply and demand, standardizing ecological asset accounting methods, and improving the decision support capability based on ecological assets.