Taking 18 nature reserves as the research objects, this paper systematically studied the landscape dynamics of important breeding habitats of the continental population of the red-crowned crane from 2000 to 2015 in China. The results showed that the land use structure varied, with a sharp decrease in marshland area and a substantial increase in farmland area. The marshland area decreased by 1400.5 km², and was mainly converted to farmlands, water bodies, and grasslands. The farmland area increased by 1085.4 km², and was mostly converted from marshlands, grasslands, and woodlands. Landscape connectivity in those important breeding habitats of the red-crowned crane remained stable from 2000 to 2015, but landscape fragmentation strengthened in some of the important breeding habitats, such as the Momoge, Qixinghe, and Naolihe Nature Reserves. Considering that the shrinkage of marshlands and the increase of unsuitable habitats in the important breeding habitats of the eastern population of the red-crowned crane were larger than those of the western population, the breeding habitats of the eastern population have been deteriorated more severely, which needs high attention. Since this paper carried out a comprehensive study on the changes of the important breeding habitats of the red-crowned crane based on the long-term sequence for the first time, it would guide targeted habitat conservation and management and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the wild populations of the red-crowned crane.