By applying CERES-Rice, we firstly assessed the yield losses of single rice from extreme high-temperature events (EHTEs), and then tried to find the potential adaptation measures at four agro-meteorological stations in Hunan Province based on detailed information (including daily climatic observations, fine soil, field management and crop growing records from 1990 to 2012). We found that CERES-Rice was a suitable tool for the study due to the low simulated errors (< 10%), with the exception of simulated flowering days at Sangzhi station (13.22%). EHTEs were occurred frequently during single rice growth seasons and a significant increased trend was observed during the 21^st century. Moreover, the yield losses caused by EHTEs were ordered by Guzhang > Sangzhi > Huaihua > Jingzhou, with the corresponding values of 10.4%, 8.2%, 7.5%, and 4%, respectively. Finally, several potential adaptation measures were evaluated by the calibrated CERES-Rice, and we found that (1) the yield could be enhanced by 29.8% through planting a cultivar with a higher temperature tolerance coefficient. However, such a cultivar will show little effect on enhancing yield in the years with extremely high temperatures. (2) Adjusting sowing dates would cause a yield variability ranging from -25% to 20%, with a positive effect when planting 5 or 10 days in advance. (3) Increased irrigation would alleviate heat damage and increase yield by 1%-8%, with the best effect when irrigating approximately the depth of 6-8 cm. (4) Applying nitrogen fertilizer during EHTEs would contribute significantly to the final increased yields of 2%-20%. On average, 80-100 kg/hm² nitrogen application would produce an ideal effect.