Soil microbes play a positive role in the formation of soil fertility and the transformation of plant nutrients. Studying the composition and diversity of rhizosphere bacteria communities in salinized soils can help to elucidate new important microbial functional groups or functional potentials, which are of great significance for vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction of saline-alkaline soils. In this study, the rhizobacteria communities and diversity of six plants in saline soils in the Yinbei area of Ningxia were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology and culture methods. The results showed that a total of 31 phyla, 67 classes, 253 families, and 400 genera were detected in all soil samples. The bacterial community composition in different plant rhizospheres were similar, but the relative abundance was different. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla. At the class level, the relative abundance of Bacilli was the highest, followed by α-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, and Clostridia. Bacillus was the dominant genus with an extremely high abundance (15.57%-53.85%), followed by Sphingomonas, Acinetobacter, and Arthrobacter. The community structure of the rhizosphere bacteria of the 6 plants showed: That of Achnatherum splendens and Tamarix chinensis were similar; those of Panicum virgatum, Medicago sativa, and Lycium barbarum were similar, and that of Sophora alopecuroides was the most different from the other 5 plants. Most of the 110 isolated strains had strong salt-tolerance and more than one biological activity, belonging to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingobacterium, Arthrobacter, and Sinorhizobium. The diversity at the genus level was poor, and Bacillus was the dominant genus. The results of the traditional culture method and high throughput sequencing technology all reflected that many important ecological functional microorganisms were colonized in the Yinbei saline-alkali area, which could be further screened and utilized to improve saline soil.